The visit to this Sri Choleeswara Swamy Shiva
Temple at Kavanthandalam, was a part of REACH Foundation’s Epigraphic field
visit on 26th February 2023. Kavanthandalam is on the banks of River
Cheyyar, one of the tributary to river Palar in Kanchipuram District.
காஞ்சிபுரம் மாவட்டம்
பாலாற்றின் உப நதியான செய்யாற்றின் கரையில் உள்ள காவான்தண்டலம் கிராமத்தில் உள்ள ஸ்ரீ
சோழீஸ்வரர் சிவன் கோயில். அதே ஊரில் ஸ்ரீ லக்ஷ்மி நாராயணர் கோயிலில் உள்ள சோழ அரசர்
முதலாம் ராஜேந்திரரின் கல்வெட்டு அவரின் மந்திரி கன்டன் பிச்சன் என்பவரால் “ராஜேந்தர
சோழீஸ்வரம்” என்ற இச்சிவன் கோயில் கட்டப்பட்டது என்று பதிவு செய்கின்றது. ஆனால் இக்கோயிலில்
ராஜேந்திர சோழனைத் தவிர்த்து குலோத்துங்க சோழன் மற்றும் விக்ரமச்சோழனின் கல்வெட்டுக்களே
காணப்படுகின்றன. கல்வெட்டுக்கள் கோயில் பூசனைகளுக்கு நிலமாக மற்றும் பணமாக கொடுக்கப்பட்ட
தானங்களைப் பற்றி பதிவு செய்கின்றன. கல்வெட்டில் இவ்வூர் ஜெயங்கொண்ட சோழமண்டலத்து ஊற்றுக்காட்டு
கோட்டத்து தமனூர் நாட்டு காவாய்ந்தண்டலம் / ஸ்ரீகரன சதுர்வேதிமாங்களம் / sthandilam - ஸ்தண்டிலம் ( சமஸ்கிருதத்தில் ) என அழைக்கப்பட்ட சதுர்வேதி மங்கலம் என குறிப்பிடுகின்றது.
Moolavar : Sri Choleeswara Swamy
Consort : Sri Sundarambal
Some
of the salient features of this temple are….
The
temple is facing east with an entrance arch. Stucco image of Shiva and Parvati
as rishabaroodar is on the top of the arch.
Balipeedam, Dwajasthambam / Kodimaram and Rishabam are after the
entrance arch and before the Mukha mandapam. Moolavar is on a round avudayar.
In koshtam, Siddhi Vinayagar, Dakshinamurthy, Maha Vishnu, Brahma and Durgai.
In
the inner praharam, Nalvar, Naga Lingam, Sri Valli Devasena Subramaniyar,
Natarajar with Sivakami and Chandikeswarar. Vinayagar and Navagraha are in the
outer praharam. Ambal is in standing posture with abhaya varada hastam in a
separate sannidhi facing south.
ARCHITECTURE
The
temple consists of Sanctum sanctorum, Antarala, ardha mandapam and maha
mandapam. The Sanctum sanctorum is on a Pada bandha adhistanam with Jagathi,
muppattai kumudam and pattigai. The Bhitti starts with Vedikai. An eka tala
vesara Vimanam is on the sanctum sanctorum. Maha nasis are on the 4 cordinal
direction of the sigaram. Stucco images of Shiva, Maha Vishnu and Brahma are in
the greeva koshtam.
HISTORY AND INSCRIPTIONS
During
Chozha period this place was called as Jayangonda Chozha mandalathu URRukattu
Kottathu Thamanur Nattu Kaivanthandalam alias Chathurvedi Mangalam, Srikarana
Chathurvedimangalam. The inscription recorded for this temple belongs to
Vikrama Chozha, Thirubhuvana Chakravarthi.
This temple was constructed during Rajaendra
Chozha- I's – (1017 to 1040 CE ) period. The
temple was called as Rajendra Chozheeswaram and this place was called as
Jayangonda Chozha mandalathu Ootrurkottaththu Thammanur Nattu, Kavanthandalam
alias Chaturvedi Mangalam. Now the Shiva temple is called as Chozheeswarar
Temple. Even-though this Shiva temple was built during Rajendra Chozha-I’s
period, his period inscriptions was not found, Instead Vikrama Chozha’s and Kulothunga Chozha’s inscriptions are found.
The inscription at Sri Lakshmi Narayana Perumal
Temple, in the same Village records the construction of this Shiva Temple. Rajendra
Chozha-I's – (1017 to 1040 CE ) period. The Sanskrit inscription records the
building of this “Rajendra Chozheeswaram” Temple by Vallala Kandan Pichan a Minister
under Rajendra Chozha of Vaigur and this place was called as Jayangonda
Chozhamandalathu ORRukattu Kottaththu Thammanur Nattu Kavanthandalam or
Chaturvedi Mangalam. The inscription also mentions Pichan as Chozha Country
Minister - சோளராஜஸ்ய
மந்திரீ. In sanskrit this place was
mentioned as sthandilam - ஸ்தண்டிலம். How
a Shiva Temple's inscription went to that Lakshmi Narayana Temple is not known.
The details of the
inscription with explanation are written by Sri Sankaranarayanan G in
Sarasvatam. ( The
inscription is recorded in South Indian Inscriptions Volume 7, No 423 and
Kanchipura mavatta Kalvettukkal Volume 4 )
Another
Rajendra Chozha-I’s ( 1027 CE ) period ( SII-Vol 7, 424 ) inscription
mentions as “Chaturvedi mangalathu Mahasabha … This is a incomplete and damaged
inscription and further details are not known.
Kulothunga Chozha’s, 24th reign year (
SII Vol 7, 415 ) inscription starts with meikeerhi as Thiribhuvana Chakravarthi
madurayum Pandyan Mudithalaiyum koNdaruLina.... திரிபுவனசக்ரவர்திகள் மதுரையும் பாண்டியன்
முடித்தலையும் கொண்டருளின... The inscription records the gift of land measuring 380 Kuli after sale as
a capital by Kanakkani udaya Karanathan Kavaythandalamudayan alias
Thiruvavalanchuzhi Udayan and Chozhamandalathu
Thirupputhur nathar Koyil Kaikolan Eesanadevan and his brother Periya
Pillai.
Vikrama Chozha ‘s 5th reign year
inscription ( SII Volume 7, 416 ), records the endowment of Naivedyam by Jayangonda Chozhamandalathu Kiliyur nattu
Kuruchi Udayan Bhoomisutheeran Kannalathevan’s
wife Poongamalachelvi. For the same a land was gifted to the sabha after sale
for 20 Kasu.
Vikrama Chozha’s 5th and 6th
year, inscription ( SII Volume 7, 417 ) records the endowment of burning 3
sandhi lamps by Poongamalachelvi ( mentioned in the above
inscription ) and her Sister’s daughter Nangai. For the same 3 araiyee irandu
ma kasu – 3 அரையே இரண்டுமா காசு---
was gifted.
Vikrama Chozha’s 6th reign year
inscription ( SII Volume 7, 418 ),
records the endowment Naivedyam, by the servant of the temple, who does
thirupani called Andar Manivasagangadanthar. For the same a land was gifted
after purchase for 6 Kasu.
POOJAS AND CELEBRATIONS
Apart from regular poojas special poojas are
conducted on pradosham, Maha Shivaratri, Fridays, Amavasya and Pournami days.
TEMPLE TIMINGS
The temple will be kept opened between 07.00 hrs to
10.00 hrs and 17.00 hrs to 19.00 hrs.
HOW TO REACH
Kavanthandalam is 10 KM from Walajabad, 18.5 KM
from Kanchipuram, 33 KM from Chengalpattu, 48 KM from Tambaram, via Padappai 78
KM from Chennai.
Nearest Railway station is Walajabad and Junction
is Chengalpattu.
LOCATION OF THE TEMPLE : CLICK HERE
--- OM SHIVAYA NAMA ---
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