Friday 24 August 2018

Sri Thiyagesar Temple of Thiruvotriyur / ஸ்ரீ தியாகராஜர் கோயில் / வடிவுடை அம்மன் கோயில் / – A HERITAGE PERSPECTIVE VISIT WITH RATHAM.

18th August 2018.
Why this place is called Thiruvotriyur.. ?
This place Thiruvotriyur exists since paleolithic period with human habitation. As per the literature this place was called as Adhipuri, hence this temple’s Lord is called as Adhipuriswarar. Another version is, the creator of this universe, Brahma created this place first, hence this is called as Aadhipuri. This place is also called as Thiruvotriyur. Thiruvotriyur has different meanings. In Tamil “oththi” which means mortgage. Another meaning is the “wiping out”. During piralaya the this place was completely covered with water and Shiva wiped out water, hence this place is called as Thiruvotriyur. From the copper plate of Velanchery near Thiruthani, Vijayalaya Chozha’s father name was mentioned as "Votriyuran". The same name appears in the Tiruchengode inscription also. As per the Thevaram hymns, the sea was very near and able to hear the roaring sound of the sea waves.
 
The Rajagopuram and front mandapam…The east side Rajagopuram is of 5 tiers, with stucco images related saivam. Kumba pancharam between the pilasters of the walls. This might have built between 10th to 13th century, probably during Rajendra Chozha period. The stucco images belongs to 16th century Nayaka’s period.


 Main door
Miniature reliefs of Rajagopuram base

The front mandapam of the main shrine was built during Chozha period. It is to be noted that the main sanctum and Rajagopuram are not in the same straight line. Thiyagesar sannadhi was built during 16th to 17th century. The fusion of Chozha period mandapa with the latter period Thiyagesar sannadhi can be seen from out side. The outer prakaram has the 27 shiva lingas, ( old Lingas ) represents the 27 nakshatras, on the south side of the outer prakaram.
 
The main sanctum front mandapa is called a "Nithya Yaga Sala", where yagam used to be conducted daily. This mandapa might have been built during 12th Century, a latter Chozha period. The ceiling has the statues of shiva’s Various forms. In that an amazing one is the small size Bikshadanar.  Dwarapalakas at the entrance of the main sanctum are worth to see. The laladam of the crown has the simha image. Both crown image are different. Also both are not installed on a pedestal. Since the inscriptions are on the back side wall of  the Dwarapalakas, they were brought from elsewhere and installed here. The inscription on the right side wall ( right side dwarapalaka), speaks about a land distributed to 10 people who staged the life story of the Sundarar in presence of Sathuranthantha pandithar, Vasika Pandithar, Soma Siddhanatha Pandithar and Otriyur Battar. In that it is mentioned the land value should be the same value of the land that sold at Dhandeeswaram, part of Chennai City.  In the Nithya yaga mandapam near Natarajar Sannadhi there is a Chandikeswarar, which belongs to 8th to 9th Century.

 Dwarapalakas 
  Chandikeswarar
Bhikshatana / Pichadanar

In the inner prakaram near Kaliya Nayanar Sannadhi, there is an old Chozha painting faintly visible, which was discovered during renovation. Kaliya Nayanar, one of the 63 Nayanmar belongs to this Thiruvotriyur. He spend all his money for lighting lamps for this temple. When he do not have money, he intend to lit the lamp with his blood. When tries to cut his head, Lord Shiva appeared and blessed him. The inner prakaram may belongs to 9th to 10th century. The pillars has the Chozha period inscriptions. The original temple may be of brick temple with a square base sanctum.  During Chozha period this was reconstructed as Gajabirushta sanctum with stone. The sanctum has the inscriptions of Rajendra period in Sanskrit, and many inscriptions speaks about the donation made to this temple for burning lamps. Some of the donations are in terms of “sava moova peeradu“ – which means at any point of time the number of goats offered should not decrease. The name of the architect / sculpture of this temple  is mentioned as Veera Chozha Ravi thachan. One of the inscription speaks about an officer who has not collected the tax  from the property belongs to this temple was called as “Shiva Thuroki” and his property was confiscated and attached to this temple.  In one inscription 15% interest in terms of gold as tax to be collected once in six months and food for this collector should be served.

 The story of Kaliya Nayanar
 Chozha period inscriptions on the pillar
Chozha period painting

Vattaparai Amman temple. This is actually a saptamatrikas temple facing North. The poojaris are not the usual Sivachariyar. For this sannadhi and Ambal Sannadhi, kerala namboothiris, that too unmarried are doing pooja. It was learnt that this Vattaparai Amman was treated as Village deity and animals are sacrificed. A palipedam and Soolam was there in front of this temple, which was removed  in the recent years. The practice of sacrifice was also stopped few years before. Since this sannidhi is very close to the main sanctum, the sannadhi might have constructed at a latter period.
 
Moolavar Sannadhi.. Moolavar is in the form of anthill, abhishekam is done only to the avudayar. Moolavar usually kept covered and will be opened only three days in a year from Karthigai Deepam festival. Punuku and oil is applied. Iraivan also called as Padampakkanathar. As per the legend The Snake Vasuki worshiped Lord Shiva and joins with shiva with its body. This legend is very much associated to Kayarokana – Lakulisa pasupata- cult worship, ie attaining Mukti and joins with Lord Shiva with the physical body. Incidentally all Kayarokana Shiva temple are on the sea coast, Nagapattinam and a temple in Gujarat.
 
Thiyagarajar sannadhi.  Thiyagesar is in the form of a Somaskandar. The flower decorations are done in such a way that Swamy and Ambal’s face with hands are only seen. The Nadanam of Thiyagesar is Ajaba. It was told that this Thiyagesar worshiping cult may be belongs to Kalamukha sect who wears spatika kundala and yagnopaveetha made out of hair. They ate food in Kapalam ( the skull of human head).  Appar has sung that Bhikshatana came here after wandering Mylapore. Thiyarajar is a Boga moorthy. During procession SomasKandar used to come out with full of decoration and the pooja articles. 12 people used to carry the open palanquin. On the out side of the inner praharam wall and near the Thiagarajar sannadhi, north side, inscriptions was there. Which speaks about the donations like 28 samaram, Thivetti made by the devadasis. One of the donor’s name was mentioned as “Sani otriyur Akki”. Iraivan was also called as manikka Thiyagar. The sad part is, the inscriptions were covered by the flooring done in the recent years. It was also told that, olden days Somaskandar was brought out by the Devadasis. The main sanctum was built during Chozha period. Latter the mandapam was added and renovated during Vijayanagar Nayaks.
 
Kowleeswar Sannadhi…. Kowleeswar Sannadhi is on the back side of the Thiyagesar Sannadhi. A form of Shiva holding a kapalam and soolam on the upper hands and lower hands are in chin mudra and meditating posture. This moorthy may be called as "Agora Dakshinamurthy". People by mistake claims him as Kowleeswarar and somebody, Lakuleesar.
 

Bhairavar sannidhi…. A beautiful life size Bhairavar with jadamudi hangs up to floor. A half buried Bairavi is also inside the Shiva’s main sanctum just opposite to Bhairava. The presence of Bhairava and Bhairavi, indicates that Kapalika cult worship existed earlier.
 
Vadivudai Amman Temple… The Amman is facing south with a separate balipeedam, dwajasthambam and Simha vahana. The whole  Temple is also called as Vadivudai Amman Temple. For this sannadhi and Vattaparai Amman Sannadhi, kerala namboothiris, that too unmarried are doing pooja. It was told that Sankarachariyar brought namboothiris from Kerala to do pooja to Ambal. A chakra was also installed by him. Thyagaraja Swamikal has sung hymns on this Ambal. Vallalar also sung Navamani malai. Pattinathar, Vallalar, Sankaracharya, Kanchi Periyava worshiped Lord Shiva and Ambal of this temple.


 Vidhusis Archana and Aarthi – Musical treat
 Vidhusis Archana and Aarthi – Musical treat
---OM SHIVAYA NAMA---

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