Wednesday, 25 July 2018

HERO, SATI & NAVAKANDA STONES, PULIKUTHI KARKAL, VEERA KALLU, நடு கற்கள்.

The hero stones/ Veerakallu/Nadukarkal in Tamil, are erected in remembrance of a hero who lost his life either in a battle/ war,  in the process of recovering the cattle or killing wild animals, which attack and killing the villagers/cattle. In some cases, the hero stones are also erected for domestic / pet animals like dogs, Cock, etc, which save the life of his master or the general public. In addition to the above memorial stones called Navakandam/Arikanda stones are erected for the heroes who kill themselves by cutting their heads. This is mainly for the victory of their country in a war between two countries, to save the king from any decease, etc. This used to happen in front of Kotravai. The hero stones are worshiped by their descendants. If a lady along with the hero is shown, which means that the hero's wife took sati after the hero's death. These types of Nadukarkal are called "Sati Stones".

Some of the hero stones have inscriptions in Tamil Vattezhuthu, which speak about the hero's Name, the reason for his death and the person who erected the hero stone ( only the blood relatives used to erect - Pangalikal ), etc. Usually, the hero will be holding, an arrow, bow, spear, Sword, or Shield in his hands. The dress below the waist will be shown. In some of the Hero stones  arrows will shown  on the body of the hero, which means the hero was died due to hitting of single or multiple arrows. The hero stones are mainly found in the districts of  South Arcot, North Arcot, Thiruvannamalai, Erode, Salem, and Dharmapuri, ie north part of Tamil Nadu.

The erecting of hero stones has been followed since the 3rd century BCE. The erection of hero stones and worshipping are mentioned in the "Sangam literature" Purananooru, Aikananooru, Pattinapalai, Aingurunooru, and Malaipadukadam. Totally in 23 places or songs mentions about the hero stones. It was also learned from the Sangam literature, that the hero stones were erected for the Kings Koperunchozhan and Adhyaman Neduman Anchi. Unfortunately, these hero stones cannot be traced now. The 3 hero stones found by the Archaeology department at Puliman Kombai in Theni district, Tamil Nadu are believed to be the oldest and belong to the 3rd Century BCE in India.

A poetry from Purananooru, a sangam period ( 300 BCE to 300 CE ) Tamil Literature  mentions about a hero stone  of the Chozha King Koperun Chozhan. சங்க நூல்களுல் ஒன்றான புறநானூற்றில் வரும் நடுகல் பற்றிய பாடல் ஒன்று.... 
 
நினையாக் கூற்றம் இன் உயிர் உய்த்தன்று
பைதல் ஒக்கல் தழீஇ அதனை
வைகம் வம்மோ வாய்மொழிப் புலவீர்
நனந்தலை உலகம் அரந்தை தூங்கக்
கெடுவில் நல்லிசை சூடி
நடுகல் ஆயினன் புரவலன் எனவே  
 (புறநானூறு 221, 8-13)

செயங்கொண்டார் இயற்றிய கலிங்கத்துப் பரணியின் 111வது பாடல் அவிப்பலியை / அரிகண்டம் பற்றி கூறப்பட்டுள்ளது. அப்பாடல்….

அடிக் கழுத்தின் நெடுஞ்சிரத்தை அரிவராலோ
அரிந்த சிரம் அணங்கின்கைக் கொடுப்பராலோ
கொடுத்த சிரம் கொற்றவை பரவுமாவோ
குறையுடலம் கும்பிட்டு நிற்குமாலோ



STATE / DISTRICT

PLACE

DESCRIPTION

Ariyalur Dist

Keelaiyur

Arikanda Hero Stone

 

 

 

Chengalpattu Dist

Indalur

Kozhikal / Kozhi Nadukal

Chengalpattu Dist

Irusumanallur

Sati Stone

Chengalpattu Dist

Kadalur

Arikandam Hero Stone

Chengalpattu Dist

Kadalur

Memorial Stone / Sati Stone

Chengalpattu Dist

Kondangi

Pallava Period Hero Stone

Chengalpattu Dist

Manampathy

Navakanda Sculptures

Chengalpattu Dist

Orathy

Thalaipalikal

Chengalpattu Dist

Ozhalur

Memorial / Sati Stone

Chengalpattu Dist

Parameswaramangalam

Navakandam / Arikandam Hero stone

Chengalpattu Dist

Punnamai

Sati Stone - Theepanjamman Temple

 

 

 

Chennai Dist

Mambalam-West

Hero Stone

Chennai Dist

Mint Street

Hero Stone at Rettai Pillayar Temple 

Chennai Dist 

Mylapore

Hero& Sati and Memorial Stone

Chennai Dist

Thiruverkadu

Hero Stones

Chennai Dist

Tiruvottiyur

Navakandam/Arikandam & Thoonguthalai

 

 

 

Coimbatore Dist

Devanampalayam

Hero Stones

Coimbatore Dist

Kaplangarai

Sati Stone

Coimbatore Dist

Malumichampatti

Pulikuthi Nadukal

Coimbatore Dist

Periyakalanthai

Hero Stone

Coimbatore Dist

SP Vadukapalayam Kuttai

Malakoil - Hero Sthambam

Coimbatore Dist

SP Vadukapalayam Kuttai

Memorial Stone for Musicians

Coimbatore Dist

Thondamuthur

Hero Stone and sati stone

Coimbatore Dist

Vadasithur

Sati Stone

 

 

 

Cuddalore Dist

Thillai Kali Amman Temple

Navakanda Nadukarkal

 

 

 

Dindigul Dist

Kalamedu - Amman Temple

Arikanda Hero Stones

Dindigul Dist

Kalamedu -

Hero Stone with Vattezhuthu Inscription

 

 

 

Erode Dist

Alukuli

Memorial Stones

Erode Dist

Alukuli

Navakanda Hero Stones

Erode Dist

Anthiyur

Hero Stone

Erode Dist

Bommanahalli

Pandrikuththi Pattan & Sati Kal

Erode Dist

Bommanahalli / Thalavadi

Pandrikuththi pattan kal 

Erode Dist

Chennimalai

Navakandam & Temple

Erode Dist

Chikka Halli School

Eruthu vandi ottipattaan kal

Erode Dist

Chikka Halli School

Karpu neri Kaththu Pattan Kal

Erode Dist

Chikka Halli School

Ondikai masti Sati Stone

Erode Dist

Gobi Arts & Science

Hero, Sati & Pulikuthi Karkal

Erode Dist

Gundri

Pulikuthi Hero and Sati Stones

Erode Dist

Gundri- Roland Nagar

Arikanda Hero Stone / Thalaipali Nadukal

Erode Dist

Ingur

Pulikuthi Pattan Kal

Erode Dist

Injampalli

Hero Stones 

Erode Dist

Kalaimagal School

Pulikuthi and Hero Stones,

Erode Dist

Kangeyam

Pulikuthi Karkal 

Erode Dist

Kanjikoil

Pulikuthi Viran Nadukal

Erode Dist

Kavindapadi

Pulikuthi Pattan Kal

Erode Dist

Malayapalayam

Hero Stone

Erode Dist

Malayapalayam

Thai Nadukal ( for  Herds woman )

Erode Dist

Mottanam

Hero Stone

Erode Dist

Nambiyur

Pulikuthi Hero Stone

Erode Dist

Olagadam

Hero&Sati Stone & Lady Navakanda Stone

Erode Dist

Palamangalam

Hero Stone With Song ( VeNba )

Erode Dist

Palappalayam

Pulikuthi Pattan Kal

Erode Dist

Patlur

Hero Stone and Nadukal for Horse

Erode Dist

Patlur

Pulikuthi Nadukal & Sati Stone

Erode Dist

Periyapuliyur

Three tier Hero stone at Kali Temple 

Erode Dist

Perunthalaiyur

Pulikuthi Pattan Kal

Erode Dist

Thalavadi

Hero Stone & Pulikuthi Nadukarkal

Erode Dist

Thalavadi - Iggalore

Eradukai masti Sati Stone

Erode Dist

Thalavadi - Marur

Hero Stone & Cairn Circles

Erode Dist

Thalavadi - Neithalapuram

Sati Stones

Erode Dist

Thalavadi - Narasamangala

Eruthu vandi ottipattaan kal

Erode Dist

Thingalur

Hero and Navakandam

Erode Dist

Thukkachi

Hero Stone with Rajendra's Meikeerthi

Erode Dist

Vijayamangalam

Navakandam Hero Stones 

Erode Dist

Voipadi

Hero Stone Pulikuthikal

 

 

 

Kallakurichi Dist

Jambai

Hero stones at Shiva Temple

Kallakurichi Dist

Jambai

Hero Stone Inscription at Temple Wall

Kallakurichi Dist

Sendiyampakkam

Hero and Sati Stone

 

 

 

Kanchipuram Dist

Anumanthandalam

Hero Stones 

Kanchipuram Dist

Chengalpattu Palur

Navakandam-Sri Pathangeswarar

Kanchipuram Dist

Kachabeswarar Temple

Hero Stone

Kanchipuram Dist

Kanchipuram

Hero Stone - Nagareeswarar Temple

Kanchipuram Dist

Kayar

Veeraiyan & Veerayee

Kanchipuram Dist

Manimangalam  

Navakandam Statues - In Shiva Temple

Kanchipuram Dist

Mel Olakkur

Jyeshta devi and Hero Stones

Kanchipuram Dist

Villivalam

Thoonguthalai Hero Stone 

 

 

 

Karur Dist

Thirumukkudal

Headless Hero Stone

Karur Dist

Munnur

Hero Stones

Karur Dist

Nerur

Navakanda Hero Stones

Karur Dist

Pasupathipalayam

Hero Stones 

Karur Dist

Pavithram

Hero Stone - Horse Pattan Kal

 

 

 

Krishnagiri Dist 

Ar Thalli Koot Road

Sati & Hero Stone on the Boulder

Krishnagiri Dist

Avalur

Sati Stones

Krishnagiri Dist 

Badethalab Eri

Hero and Sati Stones

Krishnagiri Dist

Beyanapalli

Hero Stone

Krishnagiri Dist

Guddapatti

Hero Stone with Parrot

Krishnagiri Dist

Gullupatti

Sati Kal ( Rifle Nadukal )

Krishnagiri Dist 

Kaveripattinam

Pallipadai Temple

Krishnagiri Dist 

Kaveripattinam

Sati Stone

Krishnagiri Dist 

Kundani

Hero and Sati Stones

Krishnagiri Dist 

Kundani 

Hero, Sati, Navakanda Stones 

Krishnagiri Dist 

Molankuttai

Hero and Sati Stones

Krishnagiri Dist

Nedungal

Sati and Hero Stones

Krishnagiri Dist

Pachakanampalli

Selikarappan Samy & Pulikuthi Nadukal

Krishnagiri Dist 

Pagalahalli

Hero and Sati Stones

Krishnagiri Dist

Penneswaramadam

Hero and Sati Stones

Krishnagiri Dist

Penneswaramadam

Navakandam, Hero and Sati Stones

Krishnagiri Dist

Penneswaramadam-Giri

Hero and Sati Stones with Stone Houses 

Krishnagiri Dist

Pulla Kovilur

Sati Stone with Stone House

 

 

 

Madurai Dist 

Keelakuilkudi

Hero & Sati Stones 

 

 

 

Namakkal Dist

Kollimalai

Valari Hero stones & 9th CE Hero Stone

Namakkal Dist

Mallasamudram

Pulikuthi Hero stone

Namakkal Dist

Narsimhar Rock Cut Cave

Hero Stones

Namakkal Dist

Southapuram

Hero stone for lady

 

 

 

Nilgiris Dist

Banagudi

Hero & Sati Stones with Dolmens

Nilgiris Dist

Betalada

Hero, Sati and Pulikuthi Stones 

Nilgiris Dist

Melur

Hero Stones & Sati Stones in Koil Houses

Nilgiris Dist

Sholurmattam

Sati Stone as SaptaKannis in Dolmen

 

 

 

Pudukkottai Dist

Nangupatti

Hero Stones

 

 

 

Ranipet Dist

Pallur 

Thoonguthalai Hero stone 

Ranipet Dist

Thirumalaicherry

Thoonguthalai Hero Stone

Ranipet Dist

Thirumalaicherry

Navakanda / Arikanda Hero Stone

Ranipet Dist

Thirumalpur

Hero Stones Navakandam 

 

 

 

Salem Dist

Aragalur / Periyeri

Nadukarkal .. Navakandam

Salem Dist

Aruna

Sati Stone

Salem Dist

Athivalavu

Hero stones

Salem Dist

Athuvalavu & Yelupuli

Hero Stones

Salem Dist

Chinnakuttimaduvu

Hero stones

Salem Dist

Chinnakuttimaduvu

Sati Stone 

Salem Dist

Chittoor

Sati Stone

Salem Dist

Periyakuttimaduvu

Hero stones

Salem Dist

Puzhuthi Kuttai

Hero stones

Salem Dist

Tharamangalam

Navakandam - Avinasiappar Sannadhi

Salem Dist

Tharamangalam

Navakandam Stone at Kailasanathar

Salem Dist

Tharamangalam / Murugan Temple

Sati Stones

Salem Dist

Tharamangalam / Police Sta

Hero stones & Sati Stones

Salem Dist

Vellarivalli

Sati Stone

Salem Dist

Yelupuli

Hero stones

 

 

 

Thanjavur Dist 

Saraswathi Mahal

Navakandam Statues - Museum

Thanjavur Dist 

Thiruchotruthurai

4 Tier Hero stone 

 

 

 

Thiruvannamalai

Arani

Sati Stones

Thiruvannamalai

Eduthanur

Hero Stone as Vediappan with Dog

Thiruvannamalai

Jambai

Navakanda Statues

Thiruvannamalai

Kappalur

Hero Stones & Nadukarkal 

Thiruvannamalai

Mallikapuram-Sathanur

5 Hero Stones of Palava & Chozha 

Thiruvannamalai

Manampathy

Navakandam - Hero Stone 

Thiruvannamalai

Melapunjai

Hero Stones worshiped as Vediappan

Thiruvannamalai

Mel Chengam, ( Pannai)

Anandhavadi Nadukarkal

Thiruvannamalai

Mothakal

Hero Stone and Pulikuthi Stones 

Thiruvannamalai

Mottur

Anthropomorphice Figures - Thai Theivam 

Thiruvannamalai

Nedungunam

Sati and Memorial Stones 

Thiruvannamalai

Padiagraharam

Hero Stones as Vediappan

Thiruvannamalai

Periakolapadi

Hero Stone Worshiped as Ayyanar

Thiruvannamalai

Periakolapadi

Hero Stones - Vediappan Temple

Thiruvannamalai

Purisai

Hero Stones

Thiruvannamalai

Se. Gudalur

Hero Stone

Thiruvannamalai

Thandarampattu

Two Hero Stones 

Thiruvannamalai

Thiruvothur

Hero Stones at Sri Kangiamman Temple

Thiruvannamalai

Thorapadi

Hero Stones worshipped as Vediappan

Thiruvannamalai 

Thenmathimangalam

Hero stone at Pachai Amman Temple

Thiruvannamalai 

Ukkal

Navakanda hero Stones

 

 

 

Tirupattur Dist 

Alankuppam

Hero Stone

Tirupattur Dist 

Elagiri Village

Pulikuthi Hero Stone

Tirupattur Dist 

Semmanthikuppam 

Hero & Sati Stone

Tirupattur Dist 

Vinnamangalam

Thoonguthalai Hero Stone

Tirupattur Dist 

Vinnamangalam 

A Memorial Stone

Tirupattur Dist 

Vinnamangalam-Chavadi 

Hero Stone

 

 

 

Tiruppur Dist

Amandakadavu

Malakoil - Hero Sthambam

Tiruppur Dist

Amandakadavu

Thai Nadukal

Tiruppur Dist

Avinashi

Navakanda / Arikanda Bas-Relief

Tiruppur Dist

J Krishnapuram

Thai Nadukal

Tiruppur Dist

Kangayampalayam

Pulikuthi & Memorial Stone  ( Tamil )

Tiruppur Dist

Kangayampalayam

Pulikuthi & Memorial Stone ( English )

Tiruppur Dist

Kangayapalayam

Hero Stones - Pulikuthi Karkal

Tiruppur Dist

Kangayapalayam

Thai Nadukal

Tiruppur Dist

Kariyagoundanur

Hero Stone

Tiruppur Dist

Karumpuravipalayam Site 1 & 2

Malakoil - Hero Sthambam

Tiruppur Dist

Kethanur

Malakoil - Hero Sthambam

Tiruppur Dist

Koduvai

Pulikuthikal

Tiruppur Dist

Kunnathur

Thai Nadukal 

Tiruppur Dist

Naduvacheri

Hero Stones 

Tiruppur Dist

Naduvacheri / Rice mill

Hero - Sati Stones 

Tiruppur Dist

Navanari

Hero Stone - Head Priest

Tiruppur Dist

Navanari

Hero Stones

Tiruppur Dist

Navanari

Memorial Stone

Tiruppur Dist

Palladam, Panapalayam,

Hero Stone

Tiruppur Dist

Palladam, Panapalayam,

Hero Stone, Sri Soriya Appichi Temple

Tiruppur Dist

Periya Ottapalayam

Puli Adithu Pattan Kal 

Tiruppur Dist

Periyamolarapatti

Malakoil - Hero Sthambam

Tiruppur Dist

Perumanallur

Navakanda Statue

Tiruppur Dist

Peruntholuvu

Pulikuthikal

Tiruppur Dist

Peruntholuvu

Pulikuthikal

Tiruppur Dist

Pongupalayam

Hero Stone - Pulikuthikal

Tiruppur Dist

Pongupalayam

Pulikuthikal ( English )

Tiruppur Dist

Pongupalayam

Sati Kal - Kuppayamman Temple

Tiruppur Dist

Ravuthampalayam

Hero Stone  - Sati Stones

Tiruppur Dist

S Kumarapalayam

Pulikuthi Hero Stone

Tiruppur Dist

S.Periyapalayam/Avinashi

Hero Stone & Bas-relief Comparison 

Tiruppur Dist

Sarkar Periyapalayam

Navakandam

Tiruppur Dist

Sarkar Periyapalayam

Sati Stone 

Tiruppur Dist

Semba Gounden Palayam

Thai Nadukal

Tiruppur Dist

Semba Gounden Palayam 

Hero Stone - Pulikuthi Sati Stone

Tiruppur Dist

Sevur

Pulikuthi Hero & Sati Stone

Tiruppur Dist

Sinnaripalayam

Hero - Sati Stone

Tiruppur Dist

Thoravalur

Hero Stone

Tiruppur Dist

Thoravalur

Sati & Memorial Stones

Tiruppur Dist

Thoravalur

Thai Nadukal

Tiruppur Dist

Tiruppur, Sellandiamman Temple

Memorial Stone

Tiruppur Dist

Vadakkalur

Pulikuthi Nadukal

Tiruppur Dist

Vadugapalayam

Hero Stone 

 

 

 

Tiruchirappalli

Allur

Pattan kal

Tiruchirappalli

Nangavaram

Navakandam

Tiruchirappalli

Nannimangalam

Hero stone

Tiruchirappalli

Thiruvanaikaval

Navakandam

Tiruchirappalli

Thiruvasi

Navakandam 

Tiruchirappalli

Thiruvellarai

Hero Stones & Thavvai 

Tiruchirappalli

Thudaiyur

Hero Stones and Pattan Kal

 

 

 

Tiruvallur Dist

Chinnamandalai

Sati Stone 

Tiruvallur Dist

Pakasalai, Lakshmivilasapuram

Arikanda Hero Stone

Tiruvallur Dist

Panabaakkam

Arikanda Hero Stone

Tiruvallur Dist

Thiruvalangadu

Hero Stone as Ellai Sami

 

 

 

Udumalpet Dist

Kadathur

Sati Stone

Udumalpet Dist

Kottamangalam

Hero Stones

Udumalpet Dist

Metrathi

Hero Sthambas

 

 

 

Vellore Dist

Melpadi

Hero Stone  

Vellore Dist

Thiruparkadal

Hero & Sati Nadukarkal & Harichandra

Vellore Dist

Vellore Fort Museum

Hero & Sati Stones - ASI Museum

 

 

 

Villupuram Dist

Aviyur

Kozhi Nadukal

Villupuram Dist

Chemmaneri

Hero Stone

Villupuram Dist

Marakkanam 

Arikandam ( Navakandam)

Villupuram Dist

Melolakkur

Hero Stones

Villupuram Dist 

Munnur 

Arikandam ( Navakandam)

Villupuram Dist 

Ongur

Hero Stone 

Villupuram Dist

Sendiyampakkam

Hero Stone ( Inside an Eri )

Villupuram Dist

Sendiyampakkam

Sati Stone 

Villupuram Dist

Udayanatham

Anthropomorphic Figures- Thai Deivam 

 

 

 

OTHER STATES

 

 

Andhra Pradesh

Appalayagunta

Hero Stone - Arikandam

Andhra Pradesh

Gudimallam

Hero Stone

Andhra Pradesh

Gudimallam

Hero stone - Iragalappa Chelam

Andhra Pradesh

Kesavaram

Hero Stone

Andhra Pradesh

Mallam

Pallava Period Hero stones

Andhra Pradesh

Ramagiri

Hero Stone - Arikandam

Andhra Pradesh

Thondamanadu

Thoonguthalai Hero Stones

 

 

 

Karnataka State 

Aihole, ASI Museum

Hero Stones  / Veerakallu

Karnataka State 

Badami, ASI Museum

Hero Stones / Veerakallu

Karnataka State 

Bannur

Hero Stone

Karnataka State 

Basaral

Sati Stone

Karnataka State 

Begur

Hero & Sati Stones

Karnataka State

Doddagadavalli

Hero stone

Karnataka State

Doddathuppur

Hero Stone and Pulikuthi kal

Karnataka State 

Hale Alur

Hero Stones

Karnataka State 

Hale Budanur

Hero and Sati Stone

Karnataka State

Halebeedu

Hero Stone

Karnataka State

Halebeedu

Niseethigaikal

Karnataka State

Hampi

Hero Stone 

Karnataka State

Hampi Museum

Hero Stones and Sculptures..... 

Karnataka State 

Honganoor

Hero stones

Karnataka State 

Kalale

Hero Stones  

Karnataka State 

Kaliyur

Eruthu vandi ottipattan kal

Karnataka State 

Kamalapura & Hampi

Hero & Sati Stones ASI Museum

Karnataka State 

Kambadahalli

Hero and Sati Stone

Karnataka State 

Kolar - Kolaramman  

Hero Stone (war) and Navakandam

Karnataka State 

Kolar - Nandhi Hills

Hero Stones

Karnataka State 

Koravangala

Hero Stone

Karnataka State 

Malahalli

Hero and Sati Stone

Karnataka State 

Pattadakal, ASI Museum

Hero Stones / Veerakallu

Karnataka State 

Savappapetta

Sati Stones and Ondikai Masti kallu

Karnataka State 

Talakad Chikkahole

Hero and Sati stones

Karnataka State 

Talakad Kaliyuru

Hero Stone of Chozhas victory of Gangas

Karnataka State 

Talakad Kaliyuru

Hero, Sati, Pulikuthi Stones

Karnataka State 

Talakad Mudikondam

Hero stone & Durga

Karnataka State 

Thondanoor 

Hero Stone

Karnataka State 

Thondanoor Lake bed

Hero Stones

 

 

 

Kerala

Wayanad Museum

Hero Stones

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 comment:

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