The visit to this Mallikarjuna Temple under the Mallikarjuna Group of
Temples before the Bhutanatha Group of Temples at Badami was a part of the “Hampi,
Badami, Pattadakal, Mahakuta and Aihole temples Heritage visit” organized by வரலாறு விரும்பிகள் சங்கம் Varalaru Virumbigal Sangam – VVS and எண்திசை வரலாற்று மரபுநடைக்குழு, between 24th December and 28th December
2022. I extend my sincere thanks to the
organizers, Mrs. Radha, Mrs. Nithya Senthil Kumar, and Mr. Senthil Kumar.
Monuments at Badami
Badami,
also known as Vatapi, was the capital of the Chalukyan empire (6th to 8th cent. CE), which extended in the time of Pulikesin-II
from Kanchi in Tamil Nadu to the banks of the Narmada and from Orissa to the
west coast. After a setback for a while owing to the attack of the Pallavas
under Narasimha Varman-I, the Chalukyan kings regained their territory and gave
impetus to the revival of the Hindu religion and art under royal patronage. Mahakuta,
Aihole, Pattadakal, and Badami became great centers of experimentation in temple
building
Attracted
by the scenic beauty and natural defenses provided by the majestically standing
hills and the vast sheet of water below. The Chalukyan kings shifted their
early capital from Aihole to Badami. The remains of which can still be seen in
the valley on the northern slopes. The natural gorge leading to the hill city, embellished with temples and gateways, is one of the major attractions of Badami
apart from the famous rock-cut Brahmanical and Jaina caves which contain some
of the finest sculptures known for their grace and vigour. The Chalukyan rulers
built several structural temples along the edge of the lake and hilltops which
the visitor should not miss seeing. Even while experimenting with temple building, they evolved the prototype of the famous southern vimana style, the Malegitti
Sivalaya. The lower Sivalaya and the upper Sivalaya represent.
The
curve-linear sikhara of the Yellamma Devi temple represents the northern style. While
the Bhutanatha temples with stepped pyramidal roofs represent the Kadamba-nagara
type. Within a distance of 48 km. More than one hundred and fifty temples were
built by Chalukyan kings. The rock-cut temples (caves 1 to 4 are ornamented
with exquisitely carved animal and human figures, gods, and demi-gods. Floral and
geometric patterns and scenes recall the great episodes from the epics and
Puranas. Although the Chalukyans were Vaishnavites, they encouraged the construction
of Jaina and Saiva temples also. After the fall of the Chalukyan empire, the
Rashtrakutas and Vijayanagar rulers and finally Tippu Sultan occupied Badami; the fort walls and other edifices built by them can also be seen here. Badami
abounds in many inscriptions, some of which are indispensable for
writing the history of India. Among them, mention may be made of the Pallava
inscription on the boulder near the north gate and that of Mangalesha in Cave
3. Here lived "Prasanna Venkatadasa", a great Vaishnava saint of the 16th
century CE, who used to meditate and
sing devotional songs on a platform near the north gate.
மல்லிகார்ஜுனா கோவில்
இந்த மல்லிகார்ஜுனா கோவில் பூதநாதா தொகுதி கோயில்களின் முன்பாக அமைந்த மற்றொரு முக்கியமான கோவில்களின் தொகுப்பு ஆகும். அகஸ்திய ஏரியின் வடக்குப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள இந்தக்கோயில் சாளுக்கிய கட்டிடக்கலை பாணியின் முக்கிய அம்சமான ரேகா நாகர விமானம் மற்றும் அடித்தளப் பீட அமைப்பின் மீது எழுப்பப்பட்டுள்ளது. இந்தக் கோவில் சிவனுக்கு அர்பணிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. இந்தக் கோவில் விமானத்தின் பிரமிடு வடிவ ஃபம்ஸான சிகரம், வேலைப்பாட்டுடன் கூடிய கல் உத்தரங்களைத் தாங்கும் தூண்கள், நேர்த்தியான கைபிடிச் சுவர்களைக் கொண்ட திறந்த மண்டபம் போன்றவை காணப்படுகின்றன. இந்த கோவில் மண்டபத்தின் முழுத் தூண்கள் சதுரம், பல்கோணபட்டையுடன் கூடிய உருளை வடிவக் கட்டு, சதுரம், தரங்க வடிவ போதியல்களுடன் அமைப்புகளோடு உத்திரத்தை தாங்குகின்றன.
The mukha mandapa has sloping/slanting kodungai.
Mallikarjuna Gudi, Mallikarjuna
Group of Temples.
This
Mallikarjuna temple is under the Mallikarjuna Group of Temples just before the Bhutanatha
group of temples, on the north side of the Agasthya lake. This temple was built
as per the Kadamba Nagara/Chalukya’s architecture and is dedicated to Shiva. The
temple consists of a Sanctum Sanctorum, ardha mandapam, and an open mukha mandapam
with handrails. The ceiling was supported by the square, octagonal, and virutha
pillars. The Vimanam above the sanctum sanctorum is of pyramidal form, amalaka, and stupi with extended sukanasi. The walls are plain without koshtas. The
mukha mandapa is with sloping/slanting kodungai.
pyramidal form of Vimana
INSCRIPTIONS
The Pallava King
Narasimhavarman I’s 13th reign year, 642 CE Pallava Grantha inscription
on a rock behind the Mallikarjunadeva temple; the
letter शे has been read from the stone. And the lines 7 and 8 are engraved in the
Calukyan characters (Archaic Kannada) of the 7th century CE and form a
separate inscription.
This inscription in
Pallava-Grantha characters is much obliterated. Of the king's name, only the
epithet or surname 'Mahāmalla' is preserved, and the record has to be assigned
to King Narasimhavarman I of the Pallava dynasty of Kanchī. It is dated in the
18th year of the king's reign. From the characters it may be ascribed to about
the 7th century C.E. Bādāmi is herein mentioned under the ancient name of
'Vātāpi.' According to Dr. Fleet, the present inscription will have to be
assigned to the end of the reign of Pulakēśin II¹.
(Published in Ind. Ant., Vol. IX, p 99. The
revised text of the inscription is given below with a plate).
References:
1. BK, 1928-9, no. 100, vol. i, part i; SII, xi, Part i; IA, ix, 99.
2. South Indian Inscriptions Volume - XI
3. Inscriptions of the Pallavas by T V Mahalingam.
HOW TO REACH
The
Mallikarjuna Group of Temples is about 2 km from Badami Bus Stand, and autos are
available from the base of the caves also.
The
Bhutanatha Temple is about 22 km from Pattadakal, 36 km from Aihole, and 453 km from Bengaluru.
The nearest
Railway station is Badami, about 7 km away.
Ref
1. A Handbook on the World Heritage series Badami, published by the Archaeological Survey of India.
2. A Handbook on விஜயநகர் - சாளுக்கிய மரபு நடை கையேடு - Hampi Badami, Pattadakal & Aihole issued by VVS in Tamil
3. Temple Architecture and Arts of Early Chalukyas Badami, Pattadakal, Mahakuta, Aihole by George Michell.
LOCATION OF THE
TEMPLE: CLICK HERE
GPS Co-ordinates: 15.921278,
75.686932
---OM SHIVAYA NAMA
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