The visit to this
Sri Jambulinga Temple at Pattadakal was a part of the “Hampi, Badami, Pattadakal,
Mahakuta, and Aihole temples Heritage visit” organized by வரலாறு விரும்பிகள் சங்கம் Varalaru Virumbigal Sangam – VVS and எண்திசை வரலாற்று மரபுநடைக்குழு, between 24th December to 28th December
2022. I extend my sincere thanks to the
organizers Mrs. Radha, Mrs. Nithya Senthil Kumar, and Mr. Senthil Kumar.
The Pattadakal temple complex on the banks of river Malaprabha comprises
nine temples near to one another in a row and from north to south as follows…..
ஜம்புலிங்கேஸ்வரர் கோயில்
இந்த கோயில் மற்ற கோயில்களை விட சிறிதாகவே
கட்டப்பட்டு உள்ளது. இந்த கோயிலின் காலத்தை 7ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் இடைப் பகுதியில் இருந்து 8ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் முற்பகுதி என வரலாற்று ஆய்வாளர்கள் வரையறுத்துள்ளனர். கருவறை சதுர வடிவத்தில் உள்ளது. தேவகோட்டத்தில் வடக்கில் விஷ்ணு, மேற்கில் சூரியன், தெற்கில் லகுலீசர் உள்ளனர். இங்கே உள்ள சுகநாசிகையில் ஆனந்த தாண்டவம் ஆடும் நடராஜரின் சிற்பம் தெளிவாக உள்ளது. நடராஜருக்கு அருகே பார்வதி தேவியும். இடபமும் காணப்படுகின்றனர். இந்த கோயிலும் நாகர வகையை சேர்ந்தது. இங்கும் விமானத்தின் மேலே சிகரம் இல்லை. வாயில்காப்போர்களும் காணப்படவில்லை.
From the northern
end of this temple complex, the two temples the Kadasiddhesvara Temple and the Jambulinga Temple, are one beside the
other.
ARCHITECTURE
Both Kadasiddhesvara
Temple and the Jambulinga Temple are
modest and plain and broadly similar to each other in plan, form, elevation, and
style. Both are of rekha- nagara model. Each of them has a closed flat-roofed
mandapa without pillars and with the doorway in the front approached by a
flight of steps. On the exterior of the walls of the garbha- griha is deva-koshtas containing an image of a deity. In the mukha-patti of the sikhara
is a panel of natya Siva. The amalaka and kalasa of the sikhara of both temples are missing. Originally, as attested by the frontward projecting
corbels of the front wall pilasters there was a mukha-mandapa to each of them
that had disappeared with time.
The Jambulinga Temple
was originally a rectangular large mukha-mandapa with a flight of steps on
the south and north sides. Near the front edge at the center was a Rishaba-mandapa.
Now only the adhistana exists. At the bottom of the front dwara-bandha
comprising three sakhas, without naga sakha, is a bas-relief of purna-ghata, a
symbol of prosperity, on each side. In fact, the sthamba-sakha of the dwara-
bandha is of the ghata-pallava order, and the dwara- bandha, is of the triple
sakha order. Unusually, at the lintel level are five small niches each
containing a Siva linga, perhaps symbolizing the Siva pancha-tattvas; Sadyojata,
Tatpurusha, Vamadeva, Aghora, and Isana.
The dwara-bandha of
the garbha-griha is of the Pancha sakha order with dwarapalas on the sides
and attendants at the bottom. In the deva koshthas on the exterior walls of the
garbha griha, are the images of Siva in the form of Lakulisha (the founder of
the Lakula Saiva sect) in the south, Surya in the west and Vishnu in the north.
Underneath the kapota of the roof are a series of flying pigeons. Over the
garbha griha rises the rekha nagara shikhara with mukha patti of the usual
type.
HISTORY
AND INSCRIPTIONS
The temple may be dated to Mid 7th
to 8th century, by the Chalukya dynasty.
POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHALUKYA DYNASTY
Jayasimha, a Chalukya King probably the founder, carved out a
region and ruled. He was immediately followed by Ranaraga who expanded and
consolidated the kingdom. However, not much is known about these two Chalukyan
kings. It was Pulakesi I, the third king in the genealogical line, who made
Badami, the capital of the kingdom in 543 CE and built a fort on the top of
what is now known as the North Hill. His son, Kirtivarma (1) with the
assistance of Mangalesa his younger brother, conquered the neighboring
kingdoms of the Kadambas in the southwest, the Mauryas of the Konkana, the
Kalachuris, etc,. It was his celebrated
grandson Pulakesi-II who extended the political boundaries of the kingdom far
and wide from Narmada to Kaveri. He installed his younger brothers Jayasimhavarma
in the north comprising the Gujarat region and Kubja Vishnuvardhana in the eastern
division while he ruled the central part from Badami. However, he met with a
crushing defeat at the hands of Pallava Narasimhvarman of Kanchi in 642 CE.
Badami was 'terra incognito' for the next twelve years. In 654 CE, Vikramaditya - I, Pulakesi's son, succeeded in
re-conquering the kingdom from the Pallavas. The kingdom grew further and was
prosperous, strong, and generally peaceful under the next three rulers in
succession namely: Vinayaditya, Vijayaditya, and Vikramaditya II despite
their frequent, successful wars particularly with their arch enemy, the
Pallavas others in the north. Kirtivarman- II, the son of Vikramaditya- II
though capable and experienced in wars and administration, succumbed
to the 756 CE onslaught by Dantidurga, the Rashtrakuta chief ruling the Ellora
region. This ended the Badami Chalukyan rule. The Badami region thus became a
part of the Rashtrakuta kingdom.
By 973 CE the Chalukyas till then keeping a low
profile at the appropriate occasion seized and rose to power supplanting the
Rashtrakutas. Later Kalyana in Bidar district, Karnataka had the fortune of
becoming the capital of the kingdom and continued to be so till the ruling
dynasty fell in about 1189 CE. However, Pattadakal gained some importance by
becoming the headquarters of an administrative division known as Kisukadu 70
ruled by Nolamba Pallava Permanadi Singhanadeva as mandalika (feudatory) under
Someshvara II, Bhuvanaikamalla, the Chalukyan king, around 1070 CE and hundred
years later by Chavumda II of the Sindha family, a mandalika to Noormadi Taila-
III the Chalukiyan king. Chavumda’s senior queen Demaladevi and their son Achideva under his position as prince were then enjoying
Pattadakal.
Ref
1. A Handbook on World Heritage Series Badami, published by Archaeological Survey of India.
2. A Handbook on Hampi, Badami, Pattadakal & Aihole issued by VVS in Tamil.
3. Temple architecture and Art of Early Chalukyas Badami, Pattadakal, Mahakuta, Aihole by George Michell.
HOW TO REACH
Pattadakal Group of
temples are 13 km from Aihole, 17 km from Badami, and 459 km from Bengaluru.
Nearest Railway
Station is Badami.
LOCATION OF THE
TEMPLE: CLICK HERE
--- OM SHIVAYA NAMA ---
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